Sudan is surrounded by a number of countries, creations of the Sykes-Picot Agreement: Egypt to the north, Libya to the northwest, Chad to the west, the Central African Republic to the southwest, South Sudan to the south, Ethiopia to the southeast, Eritrea to the east, and the Red Sea, beyond which lies Saudi Arabia, to the northeast.

News is circulating these days about the imminent announcement of a final and decisive agreement between America and Iran, suggesting that the scales will tip in favor of the diplomatic track, over the military one — that is, in favor of de-escalation rather than escalation. In parallel with all the diplomatic efforts exerted by both sides to reach this agreement,

In a rapidly changing world, the battles for international influence are no longer solely about borders and armies. Energy has become the hidden driver of major conflicts. For decades, the Middle East, particularly the Gulf and Iran, has been at the heart of this global struggle, with attention focused on oil and its vital shipping lanes.

The Nakba (the Calamity) is a phrase that, whenever mentioned, brings to the minds of Muslims the issue of Palestine. In 1948, the Jews moved to occupy Palestine and displace its people from their lands, shedding blood and killing children and women. When the Arab states heard the news, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, Lebanon, and Syria mobilized their armies towards Palestine.